Tugas Softskill Bahasa Inggris 2

Questions 1-10 Aspirin’s origins go back at least as early as 1758. In that year, Englishman Edward Stone noticed a distinctive bitter flavor in the bark of the willow tree. To Stone, this particular bark seemed to have much in common with “Peruvian Bark,” which had been used medicinally since the 1640s to bring down fevers and to treat malaria. Stone decided to test the effectiveness of the willow bark. He obtained some, pulverized it into tiny pieces, and conducted experiments on its properties. His tests demonstrated that this pulverized willow bark was effective both in reducing high temperatures and in relieving aches and pains. In 1763, Stone presented his findings to the British Royal Society. Several decades later, further studies on the medicinal value of the willow bark were being conducted by two Italian scientists. These chemists, Brugnatelli and Fontana, determined that the active chemical that was responsible for the medicinal characteristics in the willow bark was the chemical salicin, which is the active ingredient of today’s aspirin. The name “aspirin” is the trade name of the drug based on the chemical salicin, properly known as acetylsalicylic acid. The trade name “aspirin” was invented for the drug in the 1890s by the Bayer Drug Company in Germany. The first bottles of aspirin actually went on sale to the public just prior to the turn of the century, in 1899. 1. According to the passage, aspirin originated (A) no later than 1758 (B) sometime after 1758 (C) definitely sometime in 1758 (D) no earlier than 1758 Jawab: C 2. It can be inferred from the passage that Peruvian Bark (A) caused fevers (B) was ineffective in treating malaria (C) was described to the British Royal Society by Stone (D) was in use prior to aspirin Jawab: D 3. The pronoun “it” in line 5 refers to (A) malaria (B) willow bark (C) effectiveness (D) the British Royal Society Jawab: C 4. The word “properties” in line 6 could best be replaced by (A) ownership (B) body (C) characteristics (D) materials Jawab: C 5. What did the willow bark look like after Stone prepared it for his experiments? (A) It was in large chunks. (B) It was a thick liquid. (C) It was a rough powder. (D) It was in strips of bark. Jawab: D 6. The Italian chemists mentioned in the passage most probably conducted their studies on willow bark (A) in the 1750s (B) in the 1760s (C) in the 1770s (D) in the 1780s Jawab: B 7. What is true about Brugnatelli and Fontana? (A) They were from Italy. (B) They added a chemical to the willow bark. (C) They conducted studies on the willow bark. (D) They were medical doctors. Jawab: C 8. The expression “prior to” in line 14 could best be replaced by (A) at (B) before (C) during (D) after Jawab: A 9. The word “turn” in line 15 could best be replaced by (A) spin (B) corner (C) change (D) reversal Jawab: A 10. Where in the passage does the author name the scientific compound that makes up aspirin? (A) Lines 2-4 (B) Line 7 (C) Lines 8-9 (D) Lines 14-15 Jawab: C Questions 11-20 Herman Melville, an American author best known today for his novel Moby Dick, was actually more popular during his lifetime for some of his other works. He traveled extensively and used the knowledge gained during his travels as the basis for his early novels. In 1837, at the age of eighteen, Melville signed as a cabin boy on a merchant ship that was to sail from his Massachusetts home to Liverpool, England. His experiences on this trip served as a basis for the novel Redburn (1849). In 1841 Melville set out on a whaling ship headed for the South Seas. After jumping ship in Tahiti, he wandered around the islands of Tahiti and Moorea. This South Sea island sojourn was a backdrop to the novel Omoo (1847). After three years away from home, Melville joined up with a U.S. naval frigate that was returning to the eastern United States around Cape Horn. The novel White Jacket (1850) describes this lengthy voyage as a navy seaman. With the publication of these early adventure novels, Melville developed a strong and loyal following among readers eager for his tales of exotic places and situations. However, in 1851, with the publication of Moby Dick, Melville’s popularity started to diminish. Moby Dick, on one level the saga of the hunt for the great white whale, was also a heavily symbolic allegory of the heroic struggle of humanity against the universe. The public was not ready for Melville’s literary metamorphosis from romantic adventure to philosophical symbolism. It is ironic that the novel that served to diminish Melville’s popularity during his lifetime is the one for which he is best known today. 11 The main subject of the passage is (A) Melville’s travels (B) the popularity of Melville’s novels (C) Melville’s personal background (D) Moby Dick Jawab: B 12 According to the passage, Melville’s early novels were (A) published while he was traveling (B) completely fictional (C) all about his work on whaling ships (D) based on his travels Jawab: D 13 In what year did Melville’s book about his experiences as a cabin boy appear? (A) 1837 (C) 1841 (B) 1847 (D) 1849 jawab: A 14 The word “basis” in line 3 is closest in meaning to (A) Foundation (B) message (C) Bottom (D) theme Jawab: D 15 The passage implies that Melville stayed in Tahiti because (A) he had unofficially left his ship (B) he was on leave while his ship was in port (C) he had finished his term of duty (D) he had received permission to take a vacation in Tahiti Jawab: A 16 A “frigate” in line 10 is probably (A) an office (B) a ship (C) a troop (D) a train Jawab: B 17 How did the publication of Moby Dick affect Melville’s popularity? (A) His popularity increased immediately. (B) It had no effect on his popularity. (C) It caused his popularity to decrease. (D) His popularity remained as strong as ever. Jawab: C 18 According to the passage, Moby Dick is (A) a romantic adventure (B) a single-faceted work (C) a short story about a whale (D) symbolic of humanity fighting the environment Jawab: C 19 The word “metamorphosis” in line 15 is closest in meaning to (A) circle (B) change (C) mysticism (D) descent Jawab: D 20 The passage would most likely be assigned reading in a course on (A) nineteenth-century novels (B) American history (C) Oceanography (D) modern American literature Jawab: D Up to now, confessions that have been obtained from defendants in a hypnotic state have not been admitted into evidence by courts in the United States. Experts in the field of hypnosis have found that such confessions are not completely reliable. Subjects in a hypnotic state may confess to crimes they did not commit for one of two reasons. Either they fantasize that they committed the crimes or they believe that others want them to confess. A landmark case concerning a confession obtained under hypnosis went all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court. In the case of Layra V. Denno, a suspect was hypnotized by a psychiatrist for the district attorney; in a posthypnotic state the suspect signed three separate confessions to a murder. The Supreme Court ruled that the confessions were invalid because the confessions had been the only evidence against him. 1 This passage would probably be assigned reading in a course on (A) American law (B) psychiatric healing (C) parapsychology (D) philosophy Jawab: A Chamber music received its name because it was originally intended to be performed in small rooms in private homes rather than huge concert halls or theaters. Today it has evolved into small ensemble music in which each performer in the ensemble plays an individual part. The compositions written for this type of performance can easily be classified into three distinct periods, each with its style of music and instrumentation. In the earliest period (1450-1650), the viol and other instrumental families developed considerably, and instrumental music took its first steps toward equal footing with vocal music. In the second period (1650-1750), trio sonatas dominated. These ensemble compositions were often written for two violins and a cello; the harpsichord was also featured in various compositions of this period. In the modern period (after 1750), the preponderance of chamber music was written for the string quartet, an ensemble composed of two violins, a viola, and a cello. 1 Where in the passage does the author discuss the modern definition of chamber music? (A) Lines 3-4 (B) Lines 4-5 (C) Lines 8-9 (D) Lines 9-11 Jawab: C 2. Where in the passage does the author discuss the period when ensembles for three instruments predominated? (A) Lines 2-3 (B) Lines 4-5 (C) Lines 7-9 (D) Lines 9-11 Jawab: B 3 Where in the passage does the author mention music written for four strings? (A) Lines 2-3 (B) Lines 4-5 (C) Lines 7-9 (D) Lines 9-11 Jawab: C The next hormone is epinephrine, or adrenaline. This hormone is a natural secretion of the adrenal glands in the human body. Its primary function in the human body is to assist the body in coping with sudden surges of stress. When a person unexpectedly finds himself in a stressful situation filled with fear or anger, a large amount of epinephrine is released into the blood and the body responds with an increased heartbeat, higher blood pressure, and conversion of glycogen into glucose for energy to enable the body to deal with the stress. It is possible to extract epinephrine from the adrenal glands of animals or to synthesize it chemically in order to put it to further use. It is used in the treatment of severe asthma, where it relaxes the large muscles of the bronchi, the large air passages leading into the lungs. It is also used in cases of severe allergic reaction or cardiac arrest. 1 The paragraph preceding the passage most probably discusses (A) further uses of epinephrine (B) the treatment of cardiac arrest (C) a different hormone (D) the secretions of the adrenal glands Jawab: A 2 What is another name for epinephrine? (A) Adrenal glands (B) Stressful situation (C) Bronchi (D) Adrenaline Jawab: A 3 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a result of the release of epinephrine in the blood? (A) Severe asthma (B) An increase in blood pressure (C) Higher heartbeat (D) Increased energy Jawab: D 4 It is implied in the passage that increased heartbeat A) harms the body (B) causes the release of epinephrine into the body (C) is helpful in combating the stressful situation (D) is useful in treating asthma Jawab: C 5 The passage indicates that epinephrine is used in the treatment of all of the following EXCEPT (A) asthma (B) high blood pressure (C) serious allergic reactions (D) heart problems Jawab: C 6 What are the “bronchi” in line 10? (A) A large muscle (B) Air passages (C) The lungs (D) Part of the heart Jawab: D 7 Which of the following best expresses the organization of the information in the passage? (A) Epinephrine and adrenaline (B) Various effects of epinephrine on the body (C) Causes of sudden stress (D) Epinephrine’s natural functions and further applications Jawab: A REVIEW 1. Unfortunately, neither Mr. Sachs … Ms. Flyyn will be able to attend the awards banquet this evening. a. but b. and c. nor d. either Jawab: B, untuk menguhubungkan kalimat 2. According to the manufacture, the new generator is capable of … the amount of power consumed by our facility by nearly ten percent. a. reduced b. reducing c. reduce d. reduces jawab: C because its structurally direct speech 3. After the main course, choose from our wide … of homemade desserts. a. varied b. various c. vary d. variety jawab: B 4. Faculty members are planning to … a party in honor of Dr. Walkerm who will retire at the end of the semester. a. carry b. do c. hold d. take Jawab: B 5. Many employees seem more … now about how to use the new telephone system that they did before they attended the workshop. a. confusion b. confuse c. confused d. confusing jawab: A 6. … our production figures improve in the near future, we foresee having to hire more people between now and July. a. During b. Only c. Unless d. Because Jawab: D 7. The prime minister is expected to arrive at the convention hall at … 7.00 PM. a. approximated b. approximates c. approximate d. approximately jawab: D 8. As the filming location has not yet been … , the release date has been postpone. a. detained b. determined c. delayed d. deleted Jawab: B 9. Extreme … should be used when the forklift truck is being operated. a. caution b. cautioned c. cautiously d. cautious jawab: D 10. The country hospital is currently … volunteers to staff the reception. a. look to b. looking for c. looking around d. looking into Jawab: B 11. We are a major international company with a growing number of … in North America. a. inferences b. instances c. instincts d. interests Jawab: D 12. The report indicates that Tibrook Fund is acting properly by delivering policy advice … rather than announcing it to the public. a. privacy b. privately c. private d. privatize Jawab:A 13. This presentation will demonstrate how Metron computers are superior … those of our competitors in terms of both features and speed. a. from b. than c. to d. as Jawab:A 14. The Executive Council of the Fashion Buyer’s Congress is … of fifteen members from various branches of the fashion industry. a. compose b. composing c. composed d. to compose jawab:A 15. Though their performance was relatively unpolished, the actors held the audience’s … for the duration of the play. a. attentive b. attentively c. attention d. attentiveness jawab: B 16. Dr. Abernathy’s donation to Owston Collage broke the record for the largest private gift .. given to the campus. a. always b. rarely c. once d. ever jawab: D 17. Savat National Park is … by train, bus, charter plane, and rental car. a. accessible b. accessing c. accessibility d. accesses jawab: B 18. In Piazzo’s latest architectural project, he hopes to … his flare for blending contemporary and tranditional ideals. a. demonstrate b. appear c. valve d. position jawab: A 19. Replacing the office equipment that the company purchased only three years ago seems quite … a. waste b. wasteful c. wasting d. wasted jawab: C 20. On … , employees reach their peak performance level when they have been on the job for at least two years. a. common b. standard c. average d. general jawab: D 21. We were … unaware of the problems with the air-conditioning units in the hotel rooms until this week. a. complete b. completely c. completed d. completing jawab: A 22. If you send in an order … mail, we recommended that you phine our sales division directly to confirm the orders. a. near b. by c. for d. on jawab: B 23. A recent global survey suggests … demand for aluminum and tin will remain at its current level for the next five to ten. a. which b. it c. that d. both jawab: D 24. Rates for the use of recreation facilities do not include tac and are subject to change without … a. signal b. cash c. report d. notice jawab: C 25. We conduct our audits in accordance … generally accepted auditing standards. a. of b. with c. in d. across jawab: B The technology of the North American colonies did not differ strikingly from that of Europe, but in one respect, the colonists enjoyed a great advantage. Especially by comparison with Britain, Americans had a wonderfully plentiful supply of wood. The first colonists did not, as many people imagine, find an entire continent covered by a climax forest. Even along the Atlantic seaboard, the forest was broken at many points. Nevertheless, all sorts of fine trees abounded, and through the early colonial period, those who pushed westward encountered new forests. By the end of the colonial era, the price of wood had risen slightly in eastern cities, but wood was still extremely abundant. The availability of wood brought advantages that have seldom been appreciated. Wood was a foundation of the economy. Houses and all manner of buildings were made of wood to a degree unknown in Britain. Secondly, wood was used as fuel for heating and cooking. Thirdly, it was used as the source of important industrial compounds, such as potash, an industrial alkali; charcoal, a component of gunpowder; and tannic acid, used for tanning leather. The supply of wood conferred advantages but had some negative aspects as well. Iron at that time was produced by heating iron ore with charcoal. Because Britain was so stripped of trees, she was unable to exploit her rich iron mines. But the American colonies had both iron ore and wood; iron production was encouraged and became successful. However, when Britain developed coke smelting, the Colonies did not follow suit because they had plenty of wood and besides, charcoal iron was stronger than coke iron. Coke smelting led to technologic innovations and was linked to the emergence of the Industrial Revolution. In the early nineteenth century, the former colonies lagged behind Britain in industrial development because their supply of wood led them to cling to charcoal iron. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The advantages of using wood in the colonies (B) The effects of an abundance of wood on the colonies (C) The roots of the Industrial Revolution (D) The difference between charcoal iron and coke iron 2. The word strikingly in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to (A) realistically. (B) dramatically. (C) completely. (D) immediately. 3. Which of the following is a common assumption about the forests of North America during the colonial period? (A) They contained only a few types of trees. (B) They existed only along the Atlantic seaboard. (C) They had little or no economic value. (D) They covered the entire continent 4. According to the passage, by the end of the colonial period, the price of wood in eastern cities (A) rose quickly because wood was becoming so scarce. (B) was much higher than it was in Britain. (C) was slightly higher than in previous years. (D) decreased rapidly because of lower demand for wood. 5. What can be inferred about houses in Britain during the period written about in the passage? (A) They were more expensive than American houses. (B) They were generally built with imported materials. (C) They were typically smaller than homes in North America. (D) They were usually built from materials other than wood 6. Why does the author mention gunpowder in paragraph 3? (A) To illustrate the negative aspects of some industrial processes (B) To give an example of a product made with wood compounds (C) To remind readers that the colonial era ended in warfare (D) To suggest that wood was not the only important product of the colonies 7. The phrase follow suit in paragraph 4 means (A) do the same thing. (B) make an attempt. (C) have the opportunity. (D) take a risk. 8. According to the passage, why was the use of coke smelting advantageous? (A) It led to advances in technology. (B) It was less expensive than wood smelting. (C) It produced a stronger type of iron than wood smelting. (D) It stimulated the demand for wood.

Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

TUGAS 1 1. The subway station is _____ here. near near to near from (direction) nearing 2. When we woke up, everywhere was _____ snow. covered covered by (pasif) covered with covering 3. Do earthquakes _____ often in North America? break break out ( happen to occur 4. We had better _____ before it begins to rain. Leave leaving To leave (future) to leaving 5. A large crowd _____ in front of the train station. Gathering (present continous) to gather had gathered had gathering 6. In winter, driving accidents occur quite _____ on the highways. Frequently (count) many much a few 7. Would you like to _____ to the United States? trip voyage travel went 8. Most people at some stage have a feeling _____. responsible responsibility of responsibility (adverb) to be responsible 9. This stadium can hold _____. Much audience a large audience much audiences Many audiences (count) 10. When the mountain forests _____, there can be large forest fires. Become dry (adjective) becoming dry become drying drying 11. “What kind of work are you doing for that company?” “I’m _____ as an administrator.” Worked (verb) occupied hired employed 12. "I don't want to buy anything, do you?" "Yes, I'd like to buy _____" pencil much pencils any pencils some pencils (count) 13. We can _____ sports on Saturday if you’d like. Plays has does Play (future) 14. _____ the hotel rooms are reserved throughout peak season. Almost Almost of Almost all of Most of all (count) 15. “Where did you work before?” “I worked only minutes _____ railroad track.” From From thev (location) near away 16. “I don’t think it will rain at all today, do you?” “No, I _____ so.” Think not not think Don’t think (unagree) do think not 17. We have only another five minutes. I think we _____. Hurry be hurry to hurry Should hurry (adjective) 18. Many fans showed up at the stadium. They were _____ the big game. anxious seeing anxious to see (adjective) to anxiously see to see anxiously 19. “Who did you meet at the community dinner dance?” “I met many _____ people.” Grandly celebration Fame (adjective) prominent 20. “John isn’t sure that the meeting will be held tomorrow.” “But I _____.” Certain (adjective) certainly am certain am certainly 21. My brother loves to watch baseball; I _____ basketball. Prefer to watch (perbandingan) to prefer watching watch preferring preferring to watch 22. Many people are waiting for the news bulletin. It will _____ soon. Be circulate (future) circulate around come near come around 23. I think our guests will _____. Be here shortly (future) shortly be here here be shortly here shortly be 24. Who _____ when John is likely to turn up. Know do know is knowing Knows (question) 25. The managers are _____ a new work schedule now. Arranging Arranging up (verb) be arrange to arranging TUGAS 2 1. I am slow to _____. express my opinion express my viewing make my views make my opinion (verb) 2. I have to have this report finished _____. by Friday until Friday (future) Friday before Friday beginning 3. We were fortunate enough to visit the Grand Canyon. It has _____. Beautiful scenery that is much Many beautiful landscapes (count) many beautiful sceneries much beautiful scenery 4. The car was parked directly _____ the diner. Before ahead of In front of (position) preceding 5. The ski resorts are usually crowded. There are many people _____ skiing. Enjoy that enjoying who enjoy who enjoying 6. It is already 3 o’clock. Can you _____ time to catch the bus? Have enough have it in make in Make it in 7. I went to have my glasses _____. fit fitted fit on fitted on 8. Mary's house is _____ the hair salon. Do you think you can find it? along near to against next to (location) 9. The burning stick was very hot. He let _____ just in time. alone it go alone it go it go of it 10. Do we have _____ money to last us the week? a lot of plentiful plenty of Enough (questions) 11. John decided _____ golf on weekends. to begin to commence to take up to start up (future) 12. It _____ to me whether we meet them or not. makes no difference makes not a difference is indifferent is not a difference 13. We were _____ after all the hard work. wear out outworn weary out worn out 14. We saw _____ wild animals while on vacation. quite a few quite much quite many (count) quite some 15. They are late as usual. I don't think we should _____ them. await for wait for await on wait on 16. Are you _____ the competition? enter going entering go to enter going to enter 17. You had better _____ the tourist information office. inquire at inquiring at inquire to inquiring at 18. Ireland was part of the UK, _____? didn't it wasn't it hasn't it weren't it 19. They will be _____ at the party. present presents presenting at present 20. Will they go _____ this summer? swim to swim swimming to swimming 21. The New York police were very anxious _____ about the crime. more learn learn more to more learn to learn more 22. Many excited women could _____ at the department store sale. seen be seen be seeing be see 23. The sink in the locker room tends to _____ . flow overflow flow over over flowing 24. How long did the baseball game _____? last endure survive continue 25. We must _____ the annual board meeting tomorrow. attend attend to attend in attending TUGAS 3 1. "You are welcome to order the goods now." "But payment should be made _____." for advance advancing in advance (BUKAN SEDANG) to advance 2. "Where do you live now?" "I live in Utah; my _____." parents too do parents do parents do, too (DO KATA BANTU) parents also do 3. I cannot understand my neighbor's accent. I wish she would _____. speak clearer clearer speak more clearly speak speak more clearly 4. "Why are you driving so fast?" "I'm _____." must be hurry in hurry in a hurry Hurrying (KATA SEDANG BERLANGSUNG) 5. I have your music CD. I think I _____ your concert video. also have have too too have have further 6. I hear you have started a new job. _____ like it? How do you How What you What do you (KATA PERTANYAAN ) 7. I really have to go now. I have _____ the doctor. appointments to an appointment to appointment with an appointment with (MENGGUNAKAN AN) 8. I can meet you at Central Station. Will _____? convenient for you that convenient that be convenient you be convenient (KATA BANTU BE) 9. I don't have any results for you today. I _____ tomorrow. have any may have any have some may have some(MENGGUNAKAN SOME TIDAK BOLEH ANY LAGI) 10. I would rather _____ a quiet cup of coffee in the office than sit in a noisy cafe. have to have prefer prefer to have 11. "Where _____ last weekend?" "I went to see my aunt and uncle." are you go do you go have you went did you go (LAMPAU) 12. I was very surprised _____ that she didn’t pass the exam.” Hearing to hearing at hearing to hear 13. “Why _____ she isn’t speaking to us?” “We must have done something that upset her. She is just too sensitive.” Are you think are you imagine do you think you think 14. I hope that this winter won’t be _____ last.” As cold as so cold as As cold like (AS COLD) so cold like 15. Sorry to be late. I was delayed by _____.” A heavy traffic heavy traffic some heavy traffic traffic being heavy 16. The sky is getting dark. It _____ rain is on its way. Looks looks like seems to will be 17. Would you do me a small favour? I _____ very much. Appreciate it would appreciate would be appreciative would appreciate it 18. I am familiar with that product. I don’t know _____ times I’ve seen it advertised on TV. How many how often How much (TAK BISA DIHITUNG) many often 19. “When _____ leaving for Toronto, Canada?” “We are planning to set out at 10 o’clock.” Are we (KATA TANYA TERHADAP KAMI) will we will us are us 20. I asked Robert when he could fix my leaking tap. He said that he would come round and fix it _____. as much as possible as possible as he could as fast as he could possibly as soon as possible 21. "Do you know _____ that building is?" "I would say that it was built at least 100 years ago." old how age how old which age 22. The man told us that the next train would arrive _____. at three thirty at three thirty o'clock (RAMAI AT BUKAN IN) in three thirty in three thirty o’clock 23. “How _____ a crowd had gathered at the scene of the accident?” “I don’t know exactly, but there were a lot of shocked onlookers.” Large often Many (KATA BENDA YANG DAPAT DIHITUNG) much 24. That is the city _____ worst crime record. On the In the (DALAM SEBUAH BERLANGSUNG) with the for the 25. "Where should I put this key?" "You can _____ it on the shelf." hang deposit sit Put(KATA PUT DAPAT DIULANG KEMBALI) 26. Write a book is truly a process, and one that is impossible to complete without considerable assistence from many others. (TIDAK MEMAKAI IS) 27. The first section of this book will probably be most help to you right now. (TIDAK SEHATUSANYA MENGGUNAKAN KATA BANTU BE) 28. My slow and steady approach to the challenge of sleep focus on using this challenge as an opportunity to help you and your baby. (TIDAK MENGGUNAKAN ING) 29. Other parents might wanted to incorporate other calming rituals, such as singing a lullaby, saying prayers, or telling a story. 30. If you wait to return until a child is crying or calling for you, you are sending them the very clear message that these calls and cries will lead to your return, and thereby motivating these behaviors. (SEDANG MENUNGGU PAKAI ING) 31. Just knowing that I would returned was enough to let him stay quietly in his bed (BUKAN ED) 32. When children awake at night, as they all will at some point, you face an additional challenge: Getting your child back to sleep when you are probably mostly asleep yourself. 33. It seems to me that my previous position have afforded me just the experience needed to enable me to do the work required in your office to your satisfaction. 34. This feeding should be done quick and quietly so that you don’t provide unnecessary stimulation and excitement. (TIDAK MENGGUNAKAN KATA BE) 35. I have been told by Mr. John L. Peterson, manager of the Credit, The Business Book Publishing Company, New York, with whom I believed you acquainted that you are expecting to making some additions to you accounting staff in January 2013. 36. I shall be in Rio de Janeiro in January, I hope that you will given me an interview at sometime convenient to you during that month. (MENGGUNAKAN V1) 37. Thank you very much for calling to my attention the possible vacancies in the Accounting Department at the Brazilian branch of the International Business Book Company on Rio de Janeiro. 38. In the school year of 2006-2007, I take two courses with you, "Accounting Problems" and "Cost Accounting" at Bronx Community College in the Evening Section. (BUKAN IN) 39. I am great interested in the position as you outlined it to me. 40. You may not relishing continually buying pacifiers or having multiple backup pacifiers with you at all time. 41. It seems to me that my previous positions have afforded me just the experience needed to enable me to do the work required in your office to your satisfaction. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 48. 50.

Pengertian Indefinite Articles & preposition

Pengertian Indefinite Articles & preposition

Bahasa Inggris 2

Tugas kedua Bahasa Inggris Bisnis Dua Nama : Wacih Andriyani Salsabila NPM : 16209503 Kelas : 4eao3) 1. You are welcome to order the goods now.’’ But payment should be made for advance. 2. where do you live now ? ‘’ I live in Utah my parents too do. 3. I cannot understand my neighbor’s accent. I wish she would speak. Clearer 4. Why are you driving so fast? I’am in hurry. 5. I have your music cd. I think also have your concert video. 6. I hear you have started a new job. what do you like ? 7. I realy have to go now. I have an appointment to the doctor. 8. I can meet you at central station. Will you be convient. 9. I don’t have any result for you today . I have any tomorrow 10. I would rather prefer to have a quiet cup of coffee in the office than sit in a noisy café. 11. Where do you go last wekensd >? I went to see my aunt and uncle. 12. I was very surpriced to hearing that she didn’n pass the exam 13. Why to hear she isn’t speaking to us? We must have done something the upset her. She is just sensitive. 14. I hope that this winter won’t be as cold like. 15. Sorry to be late . I was delayed by heavy traffic. 16. To sky is getting dark. It seems too rain is on its way. 17. Would you do me a small favour ? I would appreciate it very much. 18. I am familiar with that product . idon’t know how many time I’ve seen it advertised on tv. 19. When will we leaving for Toronto,Canada ? we are planning to set out at 10 o’clock . 20. I asked Robert when he could fix my leakig tap. He said that he would come round and fix it as fast as he could possibly. 21. Do you know how old that building is ? I would say that it was built at least 100 years ago. 22. The man told us that the next train would arrive at three thirty o’clock. 23. How large a crowd had gathered at the scene of the accident ? I don’t know exacty , but there where a lot of shocked onlookers’’. 24. That is the city in the worst crime record. 25. Where should I put this key ? you can deposit it on the shelf. 26. Writing a book is truly a process and one that is imposibble to complete without considerable asistence from manyb other. 27. The first section of this book will probably be most helpfully to you righ now. 28. My slow and steady approach to the chellenge of sleep focused on using this challenge as an opportunity to help you and your baby. 29. Other parents might want to incorporate other calming rituals,such as singing a lullaby saying prayers, or telling a story. 30. If you wait to return until a child is crying or calling for you , you are sending them the very clear message that these calls and cries will lead to your return , and thereby motivate these behaviors. 31. Just knowing that I would return was enough to let him stay, quietly in his bed. 32. When children awake at night , as they all will point you face an additional challenge . getting your child back to sleep when your areb probably most asleep yourself. 33. It seems to me that my previous position have afforded me just the experience need to enable me to do the work required in your office to your satisfaction. 34. This feeding should be done quickly anf quiely so that you don’t provide unnecessary stimulation and excitement . 35. I have been told by mr. john l Peterson , manager of the credit , the business book publishing company , new York , whith whom I believed you acquainted that you are expecting to make some aditions to you accounting staff in janury 2013. 36. I shall be in rio de janeiro in January , I hope that you will give me an interview at some time convenient to you during that month. 37. Thank you very much for calling to my attention the possible vacancies in the accounting department at the brazilia brancah in the international business book company in rio de jenerio. 38. In the school years of 2006 – 2007 I took two course with you’’ accounting problem’’ and ‘’ cost accounting ‘’ at Bronx community college in the evening section. 39. I am greatly interes in the position as you outline it to me. 40. You may not release continually buy pacifiers or have multiple backup pacific with you at all time.

PENGERTIAN TOEFL

TOEFL Test of English as a Foreign Language TOEFL is abbreviated test of English language proficiency (American accent) are required to sign in to college (college) or university in the United States or other countries in the world. This exam is required for applicants or speaker native language is not English. TOEFL exam is organized by the office of ETS (Educational Testing Service) in the United States for all test takers around the world. Types TOEFL English test is generally required for college entrance requirements at most universities in the United States and Canada for undergraduate programs (S-1) and graduate (S-2 or S-3). The results of the TOEFL test is also used as a consideration of the language skills of the students who apply to universities in other countries, including universities in Europe and Australia. In general, the TOEFL test is more oriented to American English, and a bit different from the types of IELTS test orientation to British English. Unlike IELTS, TOEFL test is generally not have individual part interview test. Usually this test takes about three hours and is organized in four parts, namely the: listening comprehension, grammar structure and written expression, reading comprehension, and the writing. Values ​​ranged TOEFL exam results: 310 (minimum) to 677 (maximum value) for the version of the PBT (paper-based test). Since 1998, the TOEFL test is conducted online using a computer (Computer-based Testing / CBT), and since 2005 called the iBT (Internet-based Test). In places that have not been able to implement CBT or iBT (because there are no computer facilities and internet network), the TOEFL exam is still conducted manually using paper and pencil (paper-based test or PBT). More information about the test CBT and paper-based TOEFL relating to registration, venue, cost, and test preparation materials can be found on the official website of TOEFL, http://www.toefl.org (CBT version of the TOEFL exam results have value ranges from 0 to 300, while the value for the iBT is from 0 to 120) [1]. Lately TOEFL test organizers also held a kind of test TWE (Test of Written English) are the result of separate value TOEFL test scores. This test takes 30 minutes, and participants will be asked to write a short essay that describes the ability of participants to express and pour a thought or idea, and supports the idea with examples found in everyday life in the English language that standards. Another type of test is TSEP TOEFL (Test of Spoken English Program) which is similar to that of individual interviews on the IELTS test. This test is usually used when we want to register as a teaching assistant or lab assistant (as one way to offset the cost of tuition) in universias in the U.S. (or other countries). Forms of tests conducted orally and lasts for about 20 minutes. Time management and deadline for registration is the same as the other TOEFL tests, and costs about U.S. $ 100.

Definisi Pengertian Etika Bisnis Menurut Para Ahli - Pada tulisan sebelumnya sudah dipublikasikan kepada Anda tentang Pengertian Demokrasi Menurut Para Ahli. Pada tulisan ini akan dipublikasikan kembali kepada Anda tentang defenisi pengertian Etika Bisnis Menurut Para Ahli. Artikel ini sendiri akan mencakup tentang contoh etika bisnis menurut para ahli dan juga pengertian moral menurut para ahli. Untuk melihat secara lengkap apa-apa saja Defenisi Pengertian Etika Bisnis Menurut Para Ahli, maka secara lengkap Anda akan disungguhi informasinya, dimana bisa Anda baca atau Anda saling secara lengkap seperti pemaparan yang akan disampaikan berikut dibawah ini: Definisi Pengertian Etika Bisnis Menurut Para Ahli Menurut Velasques (2002) Etika bisnis merupakan studi yang dikhususkan mengenai moral yang benar dan salah. Studi ini berkonsentrasi pada standar moral sebagaimana diterapkan dalam kebijakan, institusi, dan perilaku bisnis. Menurut Steade et al (1984: 701) Etika bisnis adalah standar etika yang berkaitan dengan tujuan dan cara membuat keputusan bisnis. Menurut Hill dan Jones (1998) Etika bisnis merupakan suatu ajaran untuk membedakan antara salah dan benar guna memberikan pembekalan kepada setiap pemimpin perusahaan ketika mempertimbangkan untuk mengambil keputusan strategis yang terkait dengan masalah moral yang kompleks. Menurut Sim (2003) Etika adalah istilah filosofis yang berasal dari "etos," kata Yunani yang berarti karakter atau kustom. Definisi erat dengan kepemimpinan yang efektif dalam organisasi, dalam hal ini berkonotasi kode organisasi menyampaikan integritas moral dan nilai-nilai yang konsisten dalam pelayanan kepada masyarakat. Demikianlah artikel etika bisnis menurut para ahli yang bisa kami sampaikan kepada Anda. Semoga informasi singkat tentang defenisi Etika Bisnis Menurut Para Ahli yang disampaikan diatas, kiranya dapat bermanfaat bagi Anda para pembaca. Prinsip-prinsip dalam Etika Bisnis Sebelum berbicara jauh mengenai prinsip-prinsip etis dalam bisnis dan untuk lebih memahami konsep dan pengertiannya, berikut ini adalah beberapa kasus pendekatan mengenai evaluasi moral antara lain : 1. Kasus Pengesahan Undang – Undang Apartheid Pertama Sistem Apartheid yang dikuasai oleh Partai Nasional khusus Kulit Putih melegalkan diskriminasi rasial pada seluruh aspek kehidupan. Sistem apartheid ini menghapuskan seluruh penduduk kulit hitam dari hak politik dan hak sipilnya seperti mereka tidak dapat memilih, tidak dapat jabatan politis yang penting, tidak dapat bergabung secaara kolektif, atau pun hak atas Undang-undang. Hal inilah yang mengakibatkan kulit hitam melakukan demontrasi berkali – kali melawan pemerintahan kulit putih Afrika Selatan. Aksi tersebut langsung ditanggapi oleh pemerintah Kulit Putih Afrika Selatan dengan pembunuhan, penangkapan di mana – mana serta represi. Termasuk ditangkapnya Nelson Mandela (anak pimpinan kulit hitam). 2. Kasus Pertentangan akan Kedudukan Perusahaan Caltex di Afrika Selatan. Hal ini dipicu adanya penentangan yang dilakukan para pemegang saham agar Caltex memutuskan hubungan dengan pemerintah Afrika Selatan dengan alasan bahwa orang kulit hitam tidak punya hak di wilayah kulit putih. Perdebatan tentang apakah Caltex perlu melanjutkan operasinya di Afrika Selatan ini merupakan perdebatan moral. Argumen yang diajukan oleh kedua belah pihak tersebut mengacu pada pertimbangan moral, yang dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 4 jenis standar moral yaitu utilitarianisme, hak, keadilan, dan perhatian. Pertimbangan moral yang diajukan manajer Caltex antara lain jika perusahaan tetap melaksanakan operasi di Afrika Selatan maka kesejahteraan orang kulit hitam dan kulit putih akan meningkat, namun jika perusahaan pergi maka orang kulit hitamlah yang akan mengalami kerugian besar. Pernyataan inilah yang disebut dengan standar moralitas utilitarian yaitu prinsip moral yang mengklaim bahwa sesuatu dianggap benar bila mampu menekan biaya sosial dan memberikan keuntungan sosial yang lebih besar. Pernyataan manajer Caltex yang akan memberikan perhatian khusus bagi pekerja kulit hitam dan pertanggungjawaban akan kesejahteraaan mereka inilah yang disebut Etika memberi perhatian. Artinya etika yang menekankan pada usaha memberikan perhatian terhadap kesejahteraan orang sekitar. Sedangkan perjuangan dari seorang Nelson Mandela yang sangat berani inlah yang disebut dengan etika kebaikan. Hal ini dikarenakan jenis evaluasi yang didasarkan atas karakter moral seseorang atau kelompok.. Perspektif imparsial dari teori hak tidak meyatakan baywa Feuerstein kewajiban moral apa pun pada pegawainya setelah terjadi kebakaran tersebut. Keadilan impaesial tidak mewajibkan perusahaan untuk memberikan bantuan pada para pegawai pada saat mereka tidak bekerja ataupun pemiliki harus membangun kembali pabrik baru di tempat yang sama. Parsialitas dan Perhatian Kita memiliki kewajiban untuk memberikan perhaitian khusus pada individu-individu tertentu yang menjalin hubungan erat dengan kita, khususnya hubungan ketergantungan merupakan konsep utama dalam etika memberi perhatian. Penekanan dalam etika perhatian : Kita hidup dalam suatu rangkaian hubungan dan wajib serta mengembangkan hubungan yang konkret dan bernilai dengan orang lain. Kita memberikan perhatian khusus kepada orang-orang yang menjalin hubungan baik dengan kita. Etika perhatian sangat terkait dengan etika komunitarian. Etika komunitarian adalah etika yang melihat komunits dan hubungan yang fundamental. Tiga bentuk perhatian : perhatian pada sesuatu adalah semacam perhatian atau kepentingan terhadap suatu gagasan atau di mana tidak ada orang kedua yang terlibat. Perhatian terhadap seseorang, dan perhatian dalam arti menjaga. Perhatian dalam arti menjaga merupakan yang dipersayaratkan dalam etika perhatian ini mrip seorang ibu yang menjaga anaknya. Ada dua hal yang perlu diperhatikan yaitu, tidak semua hubungan memilki nilai dan tidak semuanya menciptakan kewajiaba untuk memberi perhatian. Kedua bahwa perhatian kadang menimbulkan konflik. Moralitas dalam Konteks Internasional. Perusahaan multinasional sering beroperasi di negara-negara dengan tingkat perkembangan yang sangat berbeda. Sejumlah negara memilki sumnber daya teknis, sosial, ekonomi yang tinggi namun di sejumlah negara lain masih kurang. Yang paling mencolok praktik-praktik budaya di sejumlah negara mungkin sangat berbeda sehingga suatu tindakan kadang memilki arti berbeda dalam dua budaya. Maka sudah jelas bahwa kondisi lokal khususnya kondisi perkembangan setidaknya perlu dipertimbangkan saat memutuskan apakah suatu perusahaan perlu menerapkan standar dari negara yang lebih maju atau negara yang kurang maju. Sebagian besar menyatakan perusahaan multinasional haruslah mengikuti praktik-praktik lokal, bahwa mereka harus melakukan apa yang diinginkan pemerintah lokal, karena pemerintah tersebut adalah representatif dari warga lokal. Sementara peraturan pemerintah, tingkat perkembangan, dan pemahaman budaya lokal semuanya harus dipertimbangkan saat mengevaluasi etika kebijakan dari tindakan bisnis internasional.

CSR (Coorporite Social Responsibility)

CSR (Coorporite Social Responsibility) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) merupakan program yang dilakukan oleh sebuah perusahaan sebagai wujud tanggungjawab dan kepedulian sosial. Namun demikian, perlu disadari bahwa CSR bukan semata program sosial yang menjadikan perusahaan sebagai sebuah “lembaga amal” ataupun “bagian dari departemen sosial milik pemerintah”. Mau tidak mau haruslah diakui bahwa CSR memiliki dua sisi mata uang. Di satu sisi sebagai program kepedulian sosial, sementara di sisi lain merupakan bagian dari perusahaan yang bertujuan mencari keuntungan. Tantangan yang harus dijawab terkait hal tersebut adalah bagaimana membangun konsep CSR yang benar-benar efektif dalam menjalankan fungsi sosial, namun tidak melupakan tujuan perusahaan untuk mencari keuntungan. Selain itu, bagaimana membangun konsep CSR yang memiliki dampak positif terhadap peningkatan keuntungan perusahaan, namun bukan berarti semata mencari keuntungan melalui “kemasan” tanggungjawab dan kepedulian sosial. Perlu diketahui, tidak semua perusahaan memiliki program CSR. Bahkan tidak semua perusahaan memiliki divisi Public Relation (PR) atau divisi lain yang biasanya diberikan tugas khusus untuk mengurusi permasalahan CSR. Kalaupun ada perusahaan yang mengagendakan CSR, itu hanya dirangkap oleh divisi lain yang memiliki kedekatan fungsi dalam mencapai tujuan perusahaan untuk mendongkrak penjualan dan meningkatkan keuntungan perusahaan, misalnya divisi pemasaran (marketing). Alasan bagi perusahaan yang mengambil langkah ini, selain untuk efektifitas anggaran, perusahaan yang seperti ini biasanya memiliki orientasi yang terfokus kepada penjualan dan memperoleh keuntungan semata. Selain itu, ada juga diantara perusahaan tersebut yang hanya membuat program CSR sebagai langkah taktis untuk mendongkrak penjualan dan meningkatkan keuntungan perusahaan. Bagi perusahaan seperti ini, PR atau CSR dianggap sebagai divisi dan program yang sekadar “menghabiskan uang perusahaan” saja. Selain lemah secara tanggungjawab dan kepedulian sosial, mereka belum menyadari arti penting program jangka panjang untuk keberlangsungan dan peningkatan keuntungan perusahaan di masa yang akan datang. Dengan kata lain, mereka belum menyadari CSR sebagai sebuah program investasi jangka panjang perusahaan. Sementara itu terkait strategi sebuah perusahaan yang melakukan program CSR semata untuk mendongkrak penjualan dan meningkatkan keuntungan, langkah seperti ini memang ada benarnya juga. Tidak sedikit program-program CSR yang dilakukan perusahaan memiliki dampak secara langsung karena memang sengaja diarahkan untuk mendongkrak penjualan dan peningkatan keuntungan perusahaan. Program CSR “dadakan” ini biasanya dilakukan dengan disertai publikasi yang diarahkan kepada menarik simpati publik sehingga terdorong untuk membeli produk. Selain itu, ada juga perusahaan yang menerapkan strategi keikutsertaan publik dalam program CSR dengan membeli produk tertentu. Namun demikian, langkah “instan” mengagendakan program CSR untuk meraup keuntungan seperti ini tidak akan memberikan dampak positif yang bertahan lama. Selain anggaran yang akan terus membengkak, pogram CSR yang memang tidak direncanakan untuk jangka panjang akan menjadikan menurunnya kualitas kinerja divisi yang dibebani pekerjaan yang bukan merupakan tugas utamanya. Persoalan lain yang akan muncul ketika perusahaan yang menjadi kompetitor menggunakan strategi tandingan yang hampir sama, sama, bahkan dengan teknik yang lebih mutakhir. Penghancuran karakater perusahaan di mata masyarakat dan para konsumen tentunya akan sangat berpengaruh kepada penjualan dan penghasilan perusahaan. Hal yang juga perlu diingat yaitu kondisi masyarakat dan konsumen saat ini yang sudah cerdas. Mereka dapat membedakan mana perusahaan yang benar-benar melakukan program CSR dan mana perusahaan yang melakukan program CSR hanya untuk mendongkrak penjualan dan meningkatkan keuntungan perusahaan semata. Tingkat kecerdasan masyarakat dan konsumen ini akan menentukan pilihan mereka untuk membeli sebuah produk yang dipasarkan oleh perusahaan. Selain itu, bagian ini juga yang biasanya dijadikan landasan strategi bagi pihak perusahaan kompetitor untuk menjatuhkan perusahaan saingannya. Untuk membangun program CSR yang benar-benar berguna bagi masyarakat dan memiliki dampak positif terhadap penjualan dan peningkatan keuntungan perusahaan, dibutuhkan pemberian program yang memiliki manfaat jangka panjang yang sekaligus dikelola dengan melibatkan masyarakat dan stake holder terkait lain secara berkesinambungan. Program CSR bermanfaat jangka panjang yang dimaksud yaitu program-program yang memiliki dampak positif untuk kemajuan masyarakat dan relasi antara masyarakat dengan perusahaan dalam jangka waktu yang panjang, bahkan kalau memungkinkan dapat menciptaan sebuah hubungan psikologis seumur hidup. Program ini dikelola dengan mengikutsertakan masyarakat dan mengedepankan kemandirian masyarakat untuk mengurusi keberlanjutan program tersebut. Peran yang diambil perusahaan, dalam hal ini divisi yang membidangi program CSR, sebaiknya berlaku sebagai “pendamping” masyarakat, yang menjembatani komunikasi antara perusahaan dengan masyarakat dan sebaliknya. Namun demikian, yang perlu diperhatikan dalam proses pengelolaan program CSR yang berbasis masyarakat ini adalah jangan sampai mencampuradukkan antara program CSR dengan program lain dari perusahaan untuk mendongkrak penjualan dan meningkatkan keuntungan. “Internalisasi” produk perusahaan terhadap masyarakat atau komunitas yang menjadi target program CSR sebaiknya dibiarkan berlangsung secara alami. Dengan kata lain, akan lebih bijak dan akan sangat menguntungkan bagi perusahaan ketika masyarakat atau komunitas yag menjadi target program CSR nantinya akan menjadi PR bagi produk-produk maupun kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan. Dengan demikian, perusahaan akan sangat diuntungkan dengan memiliki “tenaga” dan “sumber daya” yang tumbuh dan berkembang dari masyarakat yang nota bene merupakan bagian dari target pemasaran produk-produk perusahaan.